De foarte multe ori, pacienţii dermatologici suferă şi de depresie
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22355 vizite

03-03-2020

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De foarte multe ori, pacienţii dermatologici suferă şi de depresie

Articol publicat de Mirabela ŞERBĂNESCU

O vizită la medic efectuată la timp vă poate salva, de foarte multe ori, viaţa. În acest fel, vi se prescrie tratamentul potrivit şi vă îmbunătăţiţi starea de sănătate. Calitatea vieţii este o interpretare subiectivă a percepţiilor pacienţilor asupra stării de sănătate şi include mai multe aspecte: fizic, psihologic, al relaţiilor sociale şi profesionale.

Relaţia dintre afecţiunile dermatologice şi tulburările psihiatrice dintre psihic şi piele este definită sub conceptul medicinei psihosomatice, a psiho- dermatologiei.

În primul rând, a precizat dr. Irena Smadea, medic primar dermatolog, originea embriologică comună din Neuroectoderm este cea care ne oferă informaţii certe în legătură cu relaţia de cauzalitate. În momentul de faţă, există centre specializate în psiho-dermatologie, care abordează pacienţii dintr-o perspectivă complexă, interpretând cunoştinţele acumulate până în prezent, prin metode personalizate de diagnostic şi tratament.

„Între 30% şi 60% dintre pacienţii dermatologici prezintă comorbidităţi psihiatrice, ca depresia sau anxietatea. În afecţiunile psihosomatice, stresul nu cauzează tulburarea, dar poate duce la precipitarea sau exacerbarea afecţiunii dermatologice, ca în psoriazis, dermatită seboreică, acnee, dermatită atopică, rozacee, alopecie areata şi altele. În psoriazis apare depresia, teama de stigmatizare, de respingere, ideea de vinovăţie, sensibilitatea socială crescută. La adolescenţi şi nu numai, acneea se asociază cu tulburări depresive anxioase, tulburări în care pacientul are o imagine greşită, modificată, despre felul în care arată, apar tulburări de personalitate şi fobie socială marcată”, ne-a declarat medicul.

Dr. Smadea a precizat că dermatita atopică este o afecţiune care debutează, în majoritatea cazurilor, după evenimente psihostresante, în viaţa pacienţilor.

Acneea le dă adolescenţilor stări de anxietate

Ne referim aici la vitiligo, alopecia areata, hemangioamele gigante care invadează zonele descoperite, cum ar fi faţa, gâtul, mâinile. În aceeaşi categorie intră şi acneea chistică, psoriazisul.

Specialistul consideră că tulburările psihiatrice primare reprezintă tulburări de ordin psihiatric, care implică afecţiuni dermatologice induse. Foarte frecvent întâlnită, tricotilomania apare atunci când pacientul îşi smulge părul singur sau pruritul psihogen, care îşi face apariţia la pacientul cu depresie, tulburări anxioase, dependenţă de alcool, agresivitate şi impulsivitate. În astfel de cazuri, este nevoie de o echipă interdisciplinară, formată din medic de familie, dermatolog. psihiatru şi psiholog, pentru a rezolva problema. Desigur, nici acneea nu trebuie neglijată. Aceasta este o boală inflamatorie, caracterizată clinic prin papule, pustule, noduli şi cicatrici. De obicei, acneea este apanajul adolescenţei, dar vârsta la care apare şi durata sunt variabile.

Evoluţia bolii este ciclică şi are faze de ameliorări, dar şi exacerbări spontane.

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